Mempelajari Conditional Sentence adalah hal selanjutnya yang sebaiknya kamu lakukan setelah mempelajari tenses. Hal ini lantaran conditional sentence banyak digunakan dalam komunikasi lisan maupun tulisan.

Conditional sentence adalah kalimat pengandaian atau kalimat yang dipakai untuk membicarakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi / tidak terjadi sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Contohnya:

If you study hard, you will get a good score.

Kalau kamu giat belajar, kamu akan mendapatkan nilai yang bagus.

Secara umum, conditional sentence terbagi menjadi empat, yakni zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional dan third conditional. Apa bedanya? Agar lebih jelas, mari simak pembahasannya berikut ini.

Mengenal Jenis Conditional Sentence

Zero Conditional 

Zero conditional biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan sesuatu yang bersifat kebenaran umum, terutama yang berkaitan dengan aturan (rules) dan hukum (laws) / kodrati.

Rumus Zero Conditional Sentence

If / When + Subject + verb 1, + subject + verb 1 

Bisa juga seperti ini:

Subject + verb 1 + If / When + subject + verb 1

Pada prinsipnya, zero conditional sentence menggunakan Simple Present Tense dalam struktur kalimatnya. Coba simak beberapa contoh berikut.

Contoh Zero Conditional Sentence

1. If you drink too much coffee, you can’t sleep at night. Atau You can’t sleep at night if you drink too much coffee.
2. Ice melts if we heat it.
3. Water boils when it reaches 100 degrees. 
4. It gets dark when the sun goes down. 
5. You get cavities if you don’t brush your teeth.
6. Her health suffers when she smokes cigarettes. 

Latihan Soal Zero Conditional Sentence

1. When we go on holiday, we always …… my neighbour to water our plants.

A. ask

B. would asked

C. asked

2. If they ……. a red card, they can’t play in the rest of the game.

A. get

B. will get

C. got

3. When I look at a computer screen for too long, I ….. a headache.

A. got

B. get

C. would get

4. We don’t need to print our ticket as long as ….. the email.

A. we had

B. we have

C. we will have 

Jawaban Soal Zero Conditional Sentence

1. When we go on holiday, we always A. ask my neighbour to water our plants.
2. If they A. get a red card, they can’t play in the rest of the game. 
3. When I look at a computer screen for too long, I B. get a headache.
4. We don’t need to print our ticket as long as B. we have the email.

First Conditional 

First Conditional umumnya digunakan untuk membicarakan sesuatu / situasi yang dirasa ‘mungkin terjadi’ di masa depan.

Rumus First Conditional Sentence

If + subject + verb 1, + subject + will + verb 1 

Boleh dibalik menjadi:

Subject + will + verb 1 + if + subject + verb 1

Dalam bentuk negatif, will dapat diganti will not (won’t). 

Itu adalah rumus umum untuk menyusun first conditional sentence. Dapat kita pahami bahwa struktur kalimatnya terdiri atas Simple Present Tense dan Simple Future Tense. Tapi, bagaimana urutannya?

Urutan tidak menjadi masalah, yang penting gunakan Simple Present Tense di bagian if-clause.

Mengutip laman British Council, selain kata if, first conditional sentence juga bisa menggunakan kata lain seperti: as long as, unless, as soon as, dan in case.

Selain itu, kata will juga boleh diganti dengan (to be) going to, might, should, may dan lain sebagainya. Bentuk negatifnya adalah (to be) not going to, mightn’t, shouldn’t, may not, dan sebagainya.

Contoh First Conditional Sentence

1. If she studies hard, she will get a good score. Atau She will get a good score if she studies hard.
2. They will go to the beach if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
3. Manchester City will be top of the league if they win.
4. She will call you when she finishes work. 
5. He will leave as soon as she arrives. 
6. You don’t want to rent such an expensive flat unless you get a well-paid job.  
7. She will give me a key in case she is not at home. 
8. They can go wherever they want as long as they are back by 7 o’clock.  
9. If we rest, we will feel better.
10. We will eventually achieve it if we set our mind to a goal. 

Latihan Soal First Conditional Sentence

1. If you ……. the problem to your sister, she will be happy to help you.

A. explained

B. explain

C. will explain  

2. They will be late for the film if they …..

A. didn’t hurry up

B. don’t hurry up

C. won’t hurry up

3. She will have a shower as soon as ….. home. 

A. I get

B. I will get

C. I would get 

4. If we ….. the more expensive bike, we won’t have enough money to pay our rent.

A. bought

B. buy

C. will buy

5. The project ….. delayed if you don’t finish this report on time.

A. will be

B. Is

C. would be 

6. We will go and visit them as soon as we ….. time. 

A. have 

B. had 

C. will have

Jawaban Soal First Conditional Sentence

1. If you B. explain the problem to your sister, she will be happy to help you.
2. They will be late for the film if they B. don’t hurry up.
3. She will have a shower as soon as A. I get home.
4. If we B. buy the more expensive bike, we won’t have enough money to pay our rent.
5. The project A. will be delayed if you don’t finish this report on time.
6. We will go and visit them as soon as we A. have time.

Second Conditional 

Second conditional umumnya digunakan untuk membicarakan sesuatu / situasi yang dirasa ‘mustahil terjadi’ baik di saat ini maupun masa depan. 

Rumus Second Conditional Sentence 

Subject + would / could + verb 1 + if + subject + verb 2

Bisa juga: 

If + subject + verb 2, + subject + would / could + verb 1 

Bisa juga: 

If + subject + to be lampau, + subject + would / could + infinitive 

Dalam bentuk negatif, would / could bisa diganti menjadi wouldn’t / couldn’t. 

Dari rumus di atas, dapat dipahami bahwa second conditional sentence dibangun atas Simple Past Tense dan auxiliary verb, seperti could/couldn’t, would/wouldn’t, might/mightn’t, dan should/shouldn’t. Ingatlah, gunakan Simple Past Tense di bagian if-clause. Coba perhatikan contoh berikut. 

Contoh Second Conditional Sentence

1. If I were you, I wouldn’t talk about it. 
2. If he was a prime minister, he would invest more money in non-profit organizations and schools.
3. She would travel more if she was younger.  
4. I might let people interact with the animals more if I owned a zoo. 

Latihan Soal Second Conditional 

1. If she didn’t need the money, ……  less.

A. she works

B. she will work

C. she would work

2. What would you say if the man  …… you on a date?

A. asked

B. ask

C. asks

3. We ….. English everyday if we had time.

A. would study

B. will study

C. studied

4. What would they do differently if they ….. to do this again?

A. had

B. have

C. would have  

5. If I ….. you, I would go to the doctor’s.

A. am

B. will be

C. were

6. If you cared what people think, you ….. a boring a life!

A. had

B. would have

C. will have

Jawaban Soal Second Conditional

1. If she didn’t need the money, C. she would work less.
2. What would you say if the man A. asked you on a date?
3. We A. would study English everyday if we had time.
4. What would they do differently if they A. had to do this again?
5. If I C. were you, I would go to the doctor’s.
6. If you cared what people think, you B. would have a  boring a life!

Third Conditional 

Third conditional umumnya digunakan untuk menjelaskan bahwa situasi saat ini bisa jadi berbeda apabila hal tertentu telah terjadi di masa lalu.

Rumus Third Conditional Sentence

If + subject + had + verb 3, + subject + would + have + verb 3

Bisa juga seperti ini:

Subject + would + have + verb 3 + if + subject + had + verb 3

Dalam bentuk negatif, had dapat diganti menjadi had not / hadn’t. Jika diperhatikan, struktur third conditional sentence dibangun atas Past Perfect Tense dan modal auxiliary, seperti would/wouldn’t, could/couldn’t, should/shouldn’t dan sebagainya, kemudian disusul dengan have dan verb 3. 

Ingat, gunakan Past Perfect Tense di bagian if clause.

Contoh Third Conditional Sentence

1. If she had told him she needed a bike, he would have left earlier. 
2. If he had cleaned the house, he could have gone to the movies. 
3. If they had told us they needed a ride, we would have left earlier.

Latihan Soal Third Conditional Sentence

1. If we had worked harder, we …… the exam.

A. might have pass

B. might have passed

C. have passed

2. She ….. on time if she had caught the bus. 

A. could have been

B. could have be

C. could have

3. If she’d known Baki was in the hospital, ……

A. she visited him

B. she’d visited him

C. she’d have visited him 

4. He would have bought me a present if ….. it was my birthday. 

A. he’d know

B. he’d known

C. he know

5. ….. to you if you’d given them your e-mail address. 

A. They’d have written

B. They have written

C. They’d have wrote

 

Jawaban Soal Third Conditional Sentence

1. If we had worked harder, we B. might have passed the exam.
2. She A. could have been on time if she had caught the bus.
3. If she’d known Baki was in the hospital, C. she’d have visited him.
4. He would have bought me a present if B. he’d known it was my birthday.
5. A. They’d have written to you if you’d given them your e-mail address.

Itulah pembahasan mengenai conditional sentence, mulai dari jenis, rumus, contoh kalimat hingga latihan soalnya. Kamu juga dapat melatih diri dengan mengerjakan soal bahasa Inggris kelas 12, soal written TOEFL, dan soal reading comprehension. Kamu juga bisa membaca story telling Bahasa Inggris yang menarik dan kaya pesan moral!