Rumus, Contoh Kalimat & Soal Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense mungkin terdengar mirip dengan Present Perfect Tense. Namun sebenarnya kedua tenses ini memiliki pengertian dan fungsi yang berbeda. Lantas, apa itu Past Perfect Tense? Seperti apa rumus dan contoh kalimatnya? 

Mari kenali lebih jauh tenses yang satu ini, kemudian uji pemahamanmu tentang Past Perfect Tense dengan mengerjakan beberapa soal yang ada di dalam artikel. Yuk baca sampai tuntas!

Apa itu Past Perfect Tense?

Past Perfect Tense adalah salah satu tenses yang digunakan untuk memperjelas urutan aksi / peristiwa. Tenses ini menegaskan aksi / peristiwa yang terjadi lebih dulu sebelum aksi / peristiwa lainnya di masa lalu. 

Misalnya jika pada hari Minggu lalu kamu belajar tenses sebelum mengikuti tes TOEFL, maka kalimat yang menunjukkan belajar tenses perlu ditulis / dinyatakan dalam Past Perfect Tense. Sementara, aksi mengikuti tes TOEFL dinyatakan dalam Simple Past Tense. 

I had studied tenses before I took the TOEFL test.

(Aku udah belajar tenses sebelum mengikuti tes TOEFL)

Atau,

Before I took the TOEFL test, I had studied tenses.

(Sebelum aku mengikuti tes TOEFL, aku udah belajar tenses)

Rumus Past Perfect Tense

Subject + had + verb 3 (kalimat positif)

Subject + had + not + verb 3 (kalimat negatif)

Had + subject + verb 3? (kalimat tanya)

Hadn’t + subject + verb 3? (kalimat tanya

 

Seperti tenses lainnya, Past Perfect Tense biasanya dilengkapi dengan adverbs. Berikut adalah beberapa adverbs yang digunakan dalam tenses ini.

• Already 
• Still
• Just
• Ever
• Never

Contoh: I went to visit her when she had just moved to Yogyakarta.

Selain itu, tenses ini juga sering digunakan bersama time expressions seperti when, by the time, Dan before. Contoh:  By the time we got to the party, all the food had already gone. 

Dalam Past Perfect Tense juga dikenal beberapa singkatan (contractions) yang perlu kamu ketahui, contohnya: 

• I had = I’d (berlaku juga untuk subject lainnya seperti she’d, he’d they’d, we’d)
• Had not = hadn’t
• What had = What’d 
• Dan lain sebagainya

10 Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense Beserta Artinya

Berikut adalah beberapa contoh kalimat Past Perfect Tense positif, negatif dan tanya. 

Biasanya tenses ini digunakan bersama Simple Past Tense. Dalam hal ini, Past Perfect Tense menunjukkan aksi / peristiwa yang terjadi lebih awal, sementara Simple Past Tense menunjukkan aksi / peristiwa yang terjadi setelahnya. Tidak masalah bagaimana urutan keduanya dalam sebuah kalimat. Contoh:

I looked at the photo and suddenly realized that I’d seen that man somewhere before.

Arti: Aku melihat foto tersebut dan tiba-tiba menyadari bahwa aku sudah melihat pria itu di suatu tempat sebelumnya.

Perhatikan bahwa bagian awal kalimat di atas dinyatakan dalam simple past tense, sementara yang di-bold adalah past perfect tense.

Meskipun past perfect tense diletakkan di akhir, tetapi tetap menunjukkan aksi / peristiwa yang terjadi lebih awal, yakni si pembicara pernah melihat pria tersebut di suatu tempat.

Dapat dipahami bahwa urutan peristiwanya adalah:

1. Pembicara melihat pria tersebut di suatu tempat.
2. Pembicara melihat foto pria tersebut. 

Sudah jelas?

Selain itu, jika terdapat kata before sebelum Past Perfect Tense, maka hal ini dapat menunjukkan aksi / peristiwa yang belum selesai ketika aksi / peristiwa lain terjadi. Sama seperti contoh di atas, peristiwa lain biasanya diungkapkan dalam Simple Past Tense. Contoh: 

They left before I had spoken to them.

Arti: Mereka pergi sebelum aku telah berbicara dengan mereka.

 

Lalu, gimana kalau hanya ada satu aksi / peristiwa? Maka kamu sebaiknya tidak menggunakan Past Perfect Tense. Tetapi cukup menggunakan Simple Past Tense saja. Contohnya:

• The Romans had spoken Latin (salah)
• The Romans spoke Latin (benar)

Agar lebih paham, simak beberapa contoh kalimat Past Perfect Tense lainnya berikut ini.

 

1. She couldn’t make a sandwich because she had forgotten to buy bread.

Arti: Ia tidak bisa membuat roti lapis (sandwich) karena ia telah lupa membeli roti. 

 

2. His new job wasn’t exactly what he had expected. 

Arti: Pekerjaan barunya tidak seperti apa yang ia telah ekspektasikan.

 

3. I had finished the project by March.

Arti: Aku sudah menyelesaikan proyeknya pada bulan Maret.

 

4. Had you finished work when I called?

Arti: Sudahkah kamu selesai bekerja saat aku menelepon/memanggil?

 

5. When he enrolled on the course, he had never studied a foreign language before.

Arti: Ketika ia mendaftar kursus, ia belum pernah mempelajari bahasa asing sebelumnya.

 

6. She looked in the letter box yesterday and the letter still had not arrived.

Arti: Ia melihat ke dalam kotak surat kemarin dan surat tersebut masih belum tiba. 

 

7. The guy had escaped when the police arrived.

Arti: Pria itu sudah kabur saat polisi tiba. 

 

8. It still had not rained at the beginning of January.

Arti: Hujan masih belum turun di awal Januari.

 

9. Had she ever visited Yogyakarta before she moved there? 

Arti: Pernahkah ia mengunjungi Yogyakarta sebelum ia pindah kesana?

 

10. He had published his first novel by the time he was seven.

Arti: Ia sudah mempublikasikan novel pertamanya saat berusia 7 tahun.

 

Bagaimana, sudah lebih paham? Biar makin meresap, mari kerjakan beberapa soal Past Perfect Tense berikut ini. Kunci jawaban tersedia di akhir setiap section ya!

Latihan Soal Past Perfect Tense – Section 1 

Kerjakan soal berikut dengan teliti. 

 

1. When they …… on the course, they had never studied a foreign language before?

A. enroll

B. enrolled

C. had enrolled

 

2. When she closed the door, she realized that she ….. her keys inside. 

A. had left

B. left

C. leave

 

3. He looked really sad but we didn’t know what …..

A.’d happened

B. happen

C. happened

 

4. ……. when you rang the doorbell?

A.Did Baki already leave

B. Had Baki already leave

C. Had Baki already left

 

5. This is the oldest building in the town. It …… over 170 years ago.

A.was built

B.had been built

C.been built

 

6. By the time she moved in, they …… the building work. 

A.had finished

B. finished

C.finish

 

7. I opened the door and ….. inside.

A.went

B.had gone

C.go

 

8. I looked in the letter box yesterday and the letter still …..

A. didn’t arrive

B. not arrived

C. hadn’t arrived

 

9. We …… all the water before we were halfway up the mountain.

A. had finished 

B. finished

C. finish

 

10. …… arrived when you called yesterday?

A. The parcel had

B. Had the parcel

C. Had parcel the

Jawaban Soal Past Perfect Tense – Section 1

Berikut adalah jawaban dari soal Past Perfect Tense di atas.

1. When they enrolled on the course, they had never studied a foreign language before? (B)
2. When she closed the door, she realized that she had left her keys inside. (A)
3. He looked really sad but we didn’t know what‘d happened. (A)
4. Had Baki already left when you rang the doorbell? ( C )
5. This is the oldest building in the town. It was built over 170 years ago. (A)
6. By the time she moved in, they had finished the building work. (A)
7. I opened the door and went inside. (A) Tidak menggunakan Past Perfect Tense karena….. 
8. I looked in the letter box yesterday and the letter still hadn’t arrived. ( C )
9. We had finished all the water before we were halfway up the mountain. (A)
10. Had the parcel arrived when you called yesterday? (B)

Latihan Soal Past Perfect Tense – Section 2 

Soal berikut ini tidak dilengkapi dengan pilihan ganda, jadi kamu harus mencari tahu jawabannya berdasarkan clue yang diberikan. Contoh:

By the time I could talk to her, she ….. (decide) to quit her job.

Jawabannya:

By the time I could talk to her, she had decided to quit her job. 

Bisa juga jawabannya seperti ini:

By the time I could talk to her, she’d decided to quit her job. 

 

1. I looked at the photo and suddenly realized that I ….. (see) that girl somewhere before.
2. First she ….. (make) the salad, then she toasted the bread.
3. Had Baki ….. (already cook) breakfast when you got up?
4. He didn’t feel like another coffee as he ….. (just have) one.
5. We had the Bahasa Indonesia exam this morning. It ….. (not) as hard as I had expected, though.
6. I asked Baki if she wanted to go for a walk, but she still ….. (not finish) her homework.
7. Dinosaurs …. (live) hundreds of millions of years ago. 

Jawaban Soal Past Perfect Tense – Section 2

Berikut adalah jawaban dari soal Past Perfect Tense di atas.

Nomor 1

(1) I looked at the photo and suddenly realized that I had seen that girl somewhere before.

(2) I looked at the photo and suddenly realized that I’d seen that girl somewhere before.

Nomor 2 (tidak menggunakan past perfect tense)

First she made the salad, then she toasted the bread.

Nomor 3

Had Baki already cooked breakfast when you got up?

Nomor 4

(1) He didn’t feel like another coffee as he had just had one. 

(2) He didn’t feel like another coffee as he’d just had one. 

Nomor 5 (tidak menggunakan past perfect tense)

(1)We had the Bahasa Indonesia exam this morning. It was not as hard as I had expected, though.

We had the Bahasa Indonesia exam this morning. It wasn’t as hard as I had expected, though.

Nomor 6

(1)I asked Baki if she wanted to go for a walk, but she still had not finished her homework.

(2) I asked Baki if she wanted to go for a walk, but she still hadn’t finished her homework.

Nomor 7 (tidak menggunakan past perfect tense)

Dinosaurs lived hundreds of millions of years ago.

Latihan Soal Past Perfect Tense – Section 3

Perhatikan cerita yang dikutip dari BBC Learning English berikut, lalu jawab pertanyaannya dengan baik dan benar.

Hi my name’s Mlop. I had a terrible day today. It started badly and just got worse. 

I woke up late because I’d forgotten to set my alarm clock. Because I was late, I ran to the train station but when I got there I realized I hadn’t brought my season ticket. I missed my train.

By the time I arrived at work, the staff meeting had already started. I really wanted to finish work at the usual time of 5 p.m. because I wanted to see my favorite band at a concert. 

But I couldn’t leave on time because I hadn’t completed the report my boss had asked for. I left work late – and by the time I arrived at the concert venue, the band had already finished playing. I wept like a child.

Pertanyaan:

1.It started badly and just got worse. What happened first?

A. The day started badly

B. The day got worse

2. I woke up late because I’d forgotten to set my alarm clock. What happened first?

A. Mlop forgot to set her alarm clock

B. Mlop woke up

3. By the time I arrived at work, the staff meeting had already started. What happened first?

A. Mlop arrived at work

B. The staff meeting started

4. But I couldn’t leave on time because I hadn’t completed the report my boss had asked for. What happened first?

A.The clock struck 5 pm

B. Mlop completed her report

5. I ran to the train station but when I got there I realized I hadn’t brought my season ticket. Which order of events is correct?

A.Mlop ran to the station – She realized that her ticket was still at home – She left home without her ticket.

B.Mlop left home without her ticket – She ran to the station – She realized that her ticket was still at home

6. By the time I arrived at the concert venue, the band had already finished playing. I wept like a child. Which order of events is correct

A. She arrived at the concert venue – The band stopped playing – She cried

B. The band stopped playing – She arrived at the concert venue – She cried

Jawaban Soal Past Perfect Tense – Section 3

Berikut adalah jawaban dari pertanyaan di atas. 

1. A. The day started badly
2. A. Mlop forgot to set her alarm clock
3. B. The staff meeting started
4. A.The clock struck 5 pm
5. B.Mlop left home without her ticket – She ran to the station – She realized that her ticket was still at home
6. B. The band stopped playing – She arrived at the concert venue – She cried

Latihan Soal Past Perfect Tense – Section 4

Susunlah kata-kata acak berikut agar menjadi kalimat Past Perfect Tense yang baik dan benar.

1. Finished – had – you – your – before – homework – started – movie – the – ? (clue: homework first)
2. My – parents – got – the – to – had – left – station – realized – they – the – they – home – tickets – when – at  (clue: left tickets first)
3. The – time – by – meeting – staff – Baki – at – arrived – work – the – already – had – started (clue: the staff meeting first)
4. Just – coat – taken – off – had – I – my – rang – when – the – telephone (clue: coat first)
5. Late – up – I – woke – had – I – forgotten – because – to – clock – alarm – set – my (clue: alarm clock first)

Jawaban Soal Past Perfect Tense – Section 4

Berikut jawaban dari soal diatas.

Nomor 1

(1)Had you finished your homework before the movie started?

Nomor 2

(1)  When my parents got to the station, they realized they had left the tickets at home.

(2) My parents realized they had left the tickets at home when they got to the station.

Nomor 3

(1)By the time Baki arrived at work, the staff meeting had already started.

(2)The staff meeting had already started by the time Baki arrived at work. 

Nomor 4

(1)I had just taken off my coat when the telephone rang.

(2) When the telephone rang, I had just taken off my coat.

Nomor 5

(1)I woke up late because I had forgotten to set my alarm clock.

(2)Because I had forgotten to set my alarm clock, I woke up late.

 

Nah itulah beberapa contoh soal Past Perfect Tense dan jawabannya. Berapa soal yang berhasil kamu taklukan? Selanjutnya mari belajar mengenai Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

Jika kamu sedang mempersiapkan diri mengambil TOEFL, maka kamu juga bisa mengerjakan soal structure dan written expression yang terbit di Hargabelanja.com. Ada juga soal reading comprehension yang tak kalah menantang lho. Bagi kamu yang duduk di kelas 12 SMA, jangan lupa mengerjakan 40 soal Bahasa Inggris kelas 12 agar kamu lebih siap menghadapi ujian.